一．用“及物动词+不定式”结构可以将含有that引导的某些宾语从句的复合句转换成简单句。例如：

1.    He decided that he would buy adigital camera online.

→He decided to buy a digital camera online.

2.    We hoped that we would come backsoon.

→We hoped to come back soon.

3.    I expect that I shall finish mywork by this Sunday.

→I expect to finish my work by this Sunday.

二．用“疑问词+不定式“结构可以将某些含有连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句转换简单句。例如：

1.  I don

’t knowwhich one I can buy .

→I don’t know which one to buy.

2.  We wonder where we

’ll go thisSunday.

→We wonder where to go this Sunday.

3.  Could you please teach me how I cansearch the Internet?

→Could you please teach me how to search theInternet?

三．用“too…to…”结构可以将含有so…that引导的结果语从句(否定)的复合句转成简单句。如：

1.    The boy is so young that he can

’t lookafter himself.

→The boy is too young to look after himself.

2.       The question is so difficultthat I can

’t answer it .

→The question is too difficult for me to answer.

四．用“…enough +不定式”结构可以将含有so …that …引导的结果状语从句（肯定）的复合句转变为简单句。例如：

1.    The girl is so tall that she canreach the apples on the tree.

→The girl is tall enough to reach the apples onthe tree.

2.          This hall is so large that itcan hold 2000 people.

→This hall is large enough to hold 2000 people.

3.          The table was so light thatthe little boy can carry it.

→The table was light enough for the little boy tocarry.

五．用“happen + 不定式”或“seem +不定式”结构可以分别将“It happens

that…”和“It seems

that… ”等含有主语从句的复合句转换为简单句。例如：

1.          It happened that the teachersaw him playing in class.

→The teacher happened to see him playing in class.

2.          It seemed that sharks havebeen on the earth for thousands of years .

→Sharks seemed to have been on the earth forthousands of years.

3.          It seemed that this cameraoffered the most at the best price.

→This camera seemed to offer the most at the bestprice.

六．用“in order +不定式”或“so as +不定式”结构可以将含有so that 引导的目的状语从句的复合句转换为简单句。如：

1.          She decided to buy a cameraonline so that she could receive it soon.

→She decided to buy a camera online in order toreceive it soon.

→She decided to buy a camera online so as toreceive it soon.

2.          I went over my compositionagain and again so that I couldn

’t make any mistakes.

→I went over my composition again and again inorder not to make any mistakes.

→I went over my composition again and again so asnot to make any mistakes.

3.          Miyoko bought a camera sothat she could take pictures in Beijing.

→Miyoko bought a camera in order to take picturesin Beijing.

→Miyoko bought a camera so as to take pictures inBeijing.

七．在某些作表语的形容词后面加不定式可以将某些含有状语从句的复合句转变成简单句。例如：

1.          I was glad when I heard thegood news .

→I was glad to hear the good news.

2.          Tom

’s parentswere very surprised as they knew all about it.

→Tom’s parents were very surprisedto  know all about it.

八。"祈使句+or+简单句"可转换为"if引导的否定的条件句+主句"的句型；"祈使句+and+简单句"可转换为"if引导的肯定的条件句+主句"的句型。例如：

      1. Be brave, or you'll lose your chance.→If youaren't brave, you'll lose your chance.

　　2. Come on, or we'll miss the

early bus. →If we don't hurry, we'll miss the early bus.

九 定语从句的主从句缩略为简单句为了使表达言简意赅，英语中常用一定的语法手段把句子简缩。定语从句简缩成单词或短语就是其中常见的一种现象。

1

．在主动式定语从句中，如关系代词作从句的主语，谓语是一个行为动词，这时从句常缩略为一个现在分词短语。如：① The man who is walking along the street comes

from our company.→

The man walking along the street comes from our company.

②This lens

produces rays which converge towards a point. →

This lens produces rays converging towards a point.

如果从句的谓语动词后没有作状语的介词短语，由该动词变成的现在分词常置于所修饰的词之前。如：① This lens produces rays which converge . →

This lens produces converging rays.

②The

countries which are developing should get united. →

The developing countries should get united.

把定语从句简缩为现在分词短语有以下几种情况：（1）从句的谓语和主句的谓语所表达的时间要一致。如：

We used to live in the house which faced south.

→

We used to live in the house facing south.

（2）从句的谓语动词是进行时态。如：

Come tomorrow and show your visa to the man who will be sitting at that desk.

→

Come tomorrow and show your visa to the man sitting at that desk.

（3）从句和主句的谓语所表达的时间都是泛指。如：

China is a developing socialist country which belongs to the third world.

→

China is a developing socialist country belonging to the third world.

（4）从句谓语动词的动作一发生，主句谓语动词的动作紧接着发生。如：

The man who stole into the room was caught immediately on the spot.

→

The man stealing the room was caught immediately on the spot.

（5）从句谓语动词的动作可发生在主句谓语动词的动作这前。如：

Can you catch the bus which will leave at 8 this morning?

→

Can you catch the bus leaving at 8 this morning?

 2

．在定语从句中，如从句的谓语动词是系动词be 的一般现在时或一般过去时，表语是介词短语、形容词短语或名词短语，该从句可以缩略成介词短语、形容词短语或名词短语，作后置定语。如：① We saw the glasses that were on the table fall

off onto the floor. →

We saw the glasses on the table fall off onto the floor.

② China is

country which is rich in resources. →

China is country rich in resources.

③ They had

to fetch water from a well which was a mile away from the village. →

They had to fetch water from a well a mile away from the village.

如果定语从句仅有一个案形容词作表语，从句简缩后，该形容词的位置由其性质而定：若是表语形容词，应放在所修饰的词之后。如：

All those who are present are from the north.

→

All those present are from the north.

若是定语形容词，则应置于所修饰的词之前。如：

I want the flower which is red.

→

 I want the red flower.

 3

．如定语从句中的谓语动词有表示程度、方式等副词作状语，可把从句缩略为“副词+ 现在分词”结构作定语，置于所修饰的词前面。副词和现在分词用连字符连起来。如：① The peasants who work hard deserve such rewards.→

The hard-working peasants deserve such rewards.

② This is a

river which flows fast. →

This is a fast-flowing river.

4

．如定语从句中的及物动词带有一个普通名词作宾语，可把从句缩略为“名词+ 现在分词”结构作前置定语。名词和现在分词用连字符连结起来。如：

The south of Jiangsu is an area which grows rice.

→

The south of Jiangsu is a rice-growing area.

 Malaysia is a country which producesrubber.

→

 Malaysia is a rubber-producing country.

 5

．一系列定语从句形容词在定语从句中作表语时，从句可缩略成并列形容词短语作前置定语。如：① A person who is gentle, lovable and familiar is

always easy to get along with. →

A gentle, lovable and familiar person is always easy to get along with.

② Marxism

is a science which is living and developing. →

Marxism is a living and developing science.

 6

．如定语从句中的谓语动词与所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，从句通常可以缩略成不定式短语，放在所修饰的词之后置定语。如：

He is a good person with whom you can work.

→

He is a good person to work with.

 7

．根据名词或名词短语可作定语的原则，可以把定语从句缩略成名词或名词短语，用于修饰另一个名词。如：

a house which stands on a corner

→a corner house ;

 a ruler which measures 50 centimeters

→a 50centimeters ruler ;

 a garden which is full of flowers

→a flowergarden;

 a factory which makes small cars

→asmall-car factory

 8

．如定语从句中的谓语动词have 表示“有”的含义，从句可缩略成with 短语作后置定语，也可以缩略成“清凉油能+ ed”作前置定语。如：

people who have money

→ people with money 或moneyed people ; a girl who has blue eyes → a girl

with blue eyes 或ablue-eyed girl

主动式定语从句在以下几种情况下不通简缩：（1）从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前（两个动作紧接着发生的情况除外）。如：

The man who gave us a lecture has left for Shanghai.

（2）从句中含有完成时态。如：

Those who have done the work may go now.

（3）从句中含有情态动词。如：

Do you know the woman who can speak four foreign languages?

（4）从句与所修饰的先行词被其它成分隔开。如：

Not a single book can be found which has something to do with the subject.

（5）从句与所修饰的先行词之间有插入成分。如：“Here is the man,”he said, “who sells

newspapers.”

十 含状语从句的复合句转换成简单句

　　即将状语从句转换成状语短语。如：

　　He can’t come

because he is ill. 他因病不能来。

　　→He can’t come

because of his illness. 他因病不能来。

　　Turn off the light before you

leave. 离开前请关灯。

　　→Turn off the light before

leaving. 离开前请关灯。

　　He went home after he finished

his work. 他做完工作后就回家了。

　　→He went home after finishing

his work. 他做完工作后就回家了。

　　He was so angry that he couldn’t speak. 他气得话都说不出来。

　　→He was too angry too speak. 他气得话都说不出来。

　　He studied hard in order that

he could pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考及格。

　　→He studied hard in order to

pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考及格。

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